ARTS
QUEENLY I. ESPIRITU BEED 2-IRR
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Art -is a diverse range of human activities and the products of those activities; this article
focuses primarily on the visual arts, which includes the creation of images or objects in
fields including painting, sculpture, printmaking, photography, and other visual media. The word art can refer to several things: a study
of creative skill, a process of using the creative skill, a product of the
creative skill, or the audience's experience with the creative skill.
History of Art
Main article: History of art
Venus
of Willendorf, circa 24,000–22,000 BP
Many
great traditions in art have a foundation in the art of one of the great
ancient civilizations: Ancient
Egypt,Mesopotamia, Persia, India, China, Ancient
Greece, Rome, as well as Inca, Maya, and Olmec.
Each of these centers of early civilization developed a unique and
characteristic style in its art. Because of the size and duration of these civilizations,
more of their art works have survived and more of their influence has been
transmitted to other cultures and later times. Some also have provided the
first records of how artists worked. For example, this period of Greek art saw
a veneration of the human physical form and the development of equivalent
skills to show musculature, poise, beauty, and anatomically correct
proportions.
Forms, genres, and styles
· art form is the specific shape, or quality an artistic expression takes. The media used often influence the form. For example, the form of a sculpture must exist in space in three dimensions, and respond to gravity.
· genre is a set of conventions and styles within a particular medium. For instance, well recognized genres in film are western, horror and romantic comedy. Genres in music include death metal and trip hop.
· style of an artwork, artist, or movement is the distinctive method and form followed by the respective art. Any loose brushy, dripped or poured abstract painting is called expressionistic. Often a style is linked with a particular historical period, set of ideas, and particular artistic movement.
Purpose of Art
Art
has had a great number of different functions throughout its history, making
its purpose difficult to abstract or quantify to any single concept. This does
not imply that the purpose of Art is "vague", but that it has had
many unique, different reasons for being created. Some of these functions of
Art are provided in the following outline.
Non-motivated functions of art
The non-motivated purposes of art are those that are
integral to being human, transcend the individual, or do not fulfill a specific
external purpose. In this sense, Art, as creativity, is something humans must
do by their very nature (i.e., no other species creates art), and is
therefore beyond utility.
1. Basic human
instinct for harmony, balance, rhythm. Art at this level is not an action or an object, but an
internal appreciation of balance and harmony (beauty), and therefore an aspect
of being human beyond utility.
2. Experience
of the mysterious. Art
provides a way to experience one's self in relation to the universe. This
experience may often come unmotivated, as one appreciates art, music or poetry.
3. Expression
of the imagination. Art
provide a means to express the imagination in non-grammatic ways that are not
tied to the formality of spoken or written language. Unlike words, which come
in sequences and each of which have a definite meaning, art provides a range of
forms, symbols and ideas with meanings that are malleable.
4. Ritualistic
and symbolic functions. In
many cultures, art is used in rituals, performances and dances as a decoration
or symbol. While these often have no specific utilitarian (motivated) purpose,
anthropologists know that they often serve a purpose at the level of meaning
within a particular culture.
Motivated functions of art
Motivated purposes of art refer to intentional, conscious
actions on the part of the artists or creator. These may be to bring about
political change, to comment on an aspect of society, to convey a specific
emotion or mood, to address personal psychology, to illustrate another
discipline, to (with commercial arts) to sell a product, or simply as a form of
communication.
1. Communication. Art, at its simplest, is a form of
communication. As most forms of communication have an intent or goal directed
toward another individual, this is a motivated purpose. Illustrative arts, such
as scientific illustration, are a form of art as communication. Maps are another
example.
2. Art
as entertainment. Art may seek to bring about a particular emotion or mood, for
the purpose of relaxing or entertaining the viewer. This is often the function
of the art industries of Motion Pictures and Video Games.
3. The
Avante-Garde. Art for political change. One of the defining functions of early
twentieth century art has been to use visual images to bring about political
change.
4. Art
for psychological and healing purposes. Art is also used by art therapists,
psychotherapists and clinical psychologists as art therapy. The Diagnostic Drawing Series, for
example, is used to determine the personality and emotional functioning of a
patient.
5. Art
for social inquiry, subversion and/or anarchy. While similar to art for political
change, subversive or deconstructivist art may seek to question aspects of
society
6. without
any specific political goal. In this case, the function of art may be simply to
criticize some aspect of society.
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Spray-paint graffiti on a wall in Rome
Graffiti art and other types of street art are graphics and images that are spray-painted or stenciled on publicly viewable walls, buildings,
buses, trains, and bridges, usually without permission.
7. Art
for propaganda, or commercialism. Art
is often utilized as a form of propaganda, and thus can be used to subtly influence popular
conceptions or mood.
8. Art
as a fitness indicator. It
has been argued that the ability of the human brain by far exceeds what was
needed for survival in the ancestral environment. One evolutionary psychology explanation for this is that the human brain and associated
traits (such as artistic ability and creativity) are the human equivalent of
the peacock's tail.
QUOTES:
“I
am an excitable person who only understands life lyrically, musically, in whom
feelings are much stronger as reason. I am so thirsty for the marvelous that
only the marvelous has power over me. Anything I cannot transform into
something marvelous, I let go. Reality doesn't impress me. I only believe in
intoxication, in ecstasy, and when ordinary life shackles me, I escape, one way
or another. No more walls.”
― Anaïs Nin
― Anaïs Nin
References:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_art
http://www.sas.upenn.edu/arthistory/
Honour,
Fleming. A World History of Art p. 25
